Hasken rana wata igiyar ruwa ce ta lantarki, ta kasu zuwa haske mai gani da haske mara gani. Hasken bayyane yana nufin abin da ido tsirara zai iya gani, kamar hasken bakan gizo mai launi bakwai na ja, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, da violet a hasken rana; Hasken da ba a iya gani yana nufin abin da ido ba ya iya gani, kamar ultraviolet, infrared, da sauransu. Hasken rana da muke gani da ido tsirara fari ne. An tabbatar da cewa farin hasken rana yana kunshe da launuka bakwai na haske da ba a iya gani da hasken ultraviolet da ba a iya gani, X-ray, α, β, γ, hasken infrared, microwaves da raƙuman watsa shirye-shirye. Kowane band na hasken rana yana da ayyuka daban-daban da kaddarorin jiki. Yanzu, masoyi masu karatu, da fatan za a bi marubucin don yin magana game da hasken ultraviolet.
Dangane da tasirin ilimin halitta daban-daban, haskoki na ultraviolet sun kasu kashi huɗu bisa ga tsayin raƙuman ruwa: UVA mai tsayi, matsakaici-kalaman UVB, UVC gajere, da UVD mai motsi. Da tsayin tsayin igiyar igiyar ruwa, ƙarfin iya shiga.
UVA mai tsayi mai tsayi, tare da tsawon tsayin 320 zuwa 400 nm, kuma ana kiransa dogon igiyar duhu tabo haske ultraviolet. Yana da iko mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya shiga gilashi har ma da ruwa ƙafa 9; yana wanzuwa duk shekara, komai gajimare ko rana, dare ko rana.
Fiye da kashi 95% na haskoki na ultraviolet da fatar jikinmu ke haɗuwa da ita yau da kullun sune UVA. UVA na iya shiga cikin epidermis kuma ya kai hari ga dermis, yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga collagen da elastin a cikin fata. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin dermal suna da ƙarancin kariyar kai, don haka ƙananan adadin UVA na iya haifar da babbar lalacewa. Bayan lokaci, matsaloli irin su sagging fata, wrinkles, da kuma fitowan capillaries suna faruwa.
A lokaci guda, yana iya kunna tyrosinase, wanda zai haifar da shigar da melanin nan da nan da sabon samuwar melanin, yana sa fata ta yi duhu da rashin haske. UVA na iya haifar da lalacewa na dogon lokaci, na dindindin kuma mai ɗorewa da tsufa na fata, don haka ana kiranta haskoki tsufa. Saboda haka, UVA kuma shine tsayin daka wanda ya fi cutar da fata.
Komai yana da bangarori biyu. Daga wani hangen nesa, UVA yana da tasiri mai kyau. UVA ultraviolet haskoki tare da tsawon 360nm ya dace da yanayin amsawar kwari na phototaxis kuma ana iya amfani dashi don yin tarkon kwari. UVA ultraviolet haskoki tare da tsawon 300-420nm na iya wucewa ta cikin fitilun gilashi masu launi na musamman waɗanda ke datse hasken da ake iya gani gaba ɗaya, kuma kawai yana haskaka haske kusa da ultraviolet mai tsakiya a 365nm. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen gano ma'adinai, adon mataki, duba takardar kuɗi da sauran wurare.
Matsakaicin kalaman UVB, tsayin raƙuman ruwa 275 ~ 320nm, wanda kuma aka sani da matsakaicin kalaman erythema tasirin hasken ultraviolet. Idan aka kwatanta da shigar UVA, ana ɗaukar shi matsakaici. Gajeren tsayinsa za a shafe shi ta gilashin gaskiya. Mafi yawan hasken ultraviolet mai matsakaicin raƙuman ruwa da ke cikin hasken rana yana ɗauka ne ta hanyar lebur ozone. Kasa da 2% ne kawai zai iya kaiwa saman duniya. Zai yi ƙarfi musamman a lokacin rani da rana.
Kamar UVA, zai kuma oxidize da m lipid Layer na epidermis, bushe fata; Bugu da kari, zai denature da nucleic acid da kuma sunadaran a cikin epidermal Kwayoyin, haifar da bayyanar cututtuka kamar m dermatitis (watau kunar rana), kuma fata za ta koma ja. , zafi. A lokuta masu tsanani, kamar tsawan lokaci ga rana, yana iya haifar da ciwon daji na fata cikin sauƙi. Bugu da ƙari, lalacewa na dogon lokaci daga UVB zai iya haifar da maye gurbi a cikin melanocytes, haifar da tabo na rana wanda ke da wuya a kawar da su.
Koyaya, mutane sun gano ta hanyar binciken kimiyya cewa UVB shima yana da amfani. Fitilar kula da lafiyar ultraviolet da fitilun ci gaban shuka an yi su ne da gilashin shunayya na musamman (wanda baya watsa haske ƙasa da 254nm) da phosphor tare da ƙimar kololuwa kusa da 300nm.
Short-wave UVC, tare da tsawon 200 ~ 275nm, kuma ana kiransa gajeriyar sterilizing hasken ultraviolet. Yana da mafi raunin iya shiga kuma ba zai iya shiga mafi yawan gilashin da robobi ba. Har ma da takarda mai siririn zai iya toshe ta. Hasken hasken ultraviolet na gajeriyar igiyar ruwa da ke cikin hasken rana yana kusan mamaye shi gaba daya ta fuskar ozone kafin ya isa kasa.
Duk da cewa UVC a cikin yanayi yana shayar da shi ta hanyar sararin samaniya kafin ya isa ƙasa, tasirinsa a kan fata ba shi da kyau, amma hasken ultraviolet na gajeren lokaci ba zai iya haskaka jikin mutum kai tsaye ba. Idan an fallasa kai tsaye, fatar za ta ƙone cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma tsawon lokaci ko tsayi mai tsayi na iya haifar da ciwon daji na fata.
Sakamakon hasken ultraviolet a cikin rukunin UVC yana da yawa sosai. Misali: UV germicidal fitulun fitar da UVC gajeriyar haskoki na ultraviolet. Short-wave UV ana amfani da ko'ina a asibitoci, kwandishan tsarin, disinfection kabad, ruwa jiyya kayan, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, najasa jiyya shuke-shuke, wanka wuraren waha, abinci da abin sha aiki da marufi kayan aiki, abinci masana'antu, kayan shafawa masana'antu, kiwo masana'antu, Breweries. masana'antar abin sha, Wuraren kamar gidajen burodi da dakunan ajiyar sanyi.
A taƙaice, fa'idodin hasken ultraviolet sune: 1. Disinfection da haifuwa; 2. Inganta ci gaban kashi; 3. Mai kyau ga launin jini; 4. Lokaci-lokaci, yana iya magance wasu cututtukan fata; 5. Yana iya haɓaka metabolism na ma'adinai da samuwar bitamin D a cikin jiki; 6., inganta ci gaban shuka, da dai sauransu.
Rashin hasara na hasken ultraviolet shine: 1. Kai tsaye bayyanar zai haifar da tsufa na fata da wrinkles; 2. Fatar fata; 3. dermatitis; 4. Tsawon lokaci da yawa kai tsaye na iya haifar da ciwon daji na fata.
Yadda za a kauce wa cutar da UVC ultraviolet haskoki ga jikin mutum? Tun da UVC ultraviolet haskoki da musamman rauni shigar azzakari cikin farji, su za a iya gaba daya katange ta talakawa m gilashin, tufafi, robobi, ƙura, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, ta sanye da tabarau (idan ba ka da gilashin, kauce wa kallon kai tsaye a UV fitilar) da kuma rufe fata da aka fallasa da tufafi gwargwadon yiwuwa, zaku iya kare idanunku da fata daga UV
Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa ɗan gajeren lokaci ga haskoki na ultraviolet kamar fallasa su ga rana mai zafi. Ba ya cutar da jikin mutum amma yana da amfani. UVB ultraviolet haskoki iya inganta ma'adinai metabolism da samuwar bitamin D a cikin jiki.
A ƙarshe, vacuum wave UVD yana da tsayin daka na 100-200nm, wanda kawai zai iya yaduwa a cikin injin motsa jiki kuma yana da rauni sosai. Yana iya yin iskar oxygen a cikin iska zuwa ozone, wanda ake kira layin tsarar ozone, wanda ba ya wanzu a cikin yanayin yanayin da mutane ke rayuwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-22-2024